PERSON
In
Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing, a person is viewed as an integrated
individual with physiological, psychological, socio-cultural,
politico-economical and spiritual components.
It is having the ability to perform the activities of daily living, which are essential that enhances the quality of life. The person is valued at all stages of the lifespan that is infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
Throughout the lifespan until adulthood, the person tends to become increasingly independent in the activities of daily living. While independence in the ADL's is valued, dependence should not diminish the dignity of the person.
A person’s knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to ADL's are influenced by a variety of factors which can be categorized broadly as biological, psychological, sociocultural, environmental and politico-economic factors.
The way in which a person carries out the ADL's can fluctuate within a range of normal for that individual. When the individual is sick or unwell there maybe problems which may be, actual or potential, arises with ADL's.
During the lifespan, most individuals experience significant life events which can affect the way they carry out ADL's and may lead to problems, actual or potential.
Living is a complex process which we undertake using a number of activities that ensure survival. The current model seeks to define 'what living means, and categorizes these discoveries into Activities of Daily Living (ADL), in order to promote maximum independence, through complete assessment leading to interventions that further support independence in areas that may prove difficult or impossible for the individual on their own.
There are 12 activities of daily living that were listed in the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing. A person needs to maintain a safe environment in order to stay alive and carry out any of the other ADL. These actions may include activities such as prevention of accidents in home or driving carefully.
Human beings are essentially social beings and a major part of living involves communicating with other people in one way or another. Communicating not only involves the use of verbal language as in talking and writing, but also the non-verbal transmission of information by facial expression and body gesture. Breathing is an essential activity that a person performs.
It is indispensable for life itself and all other activities are therefore dependent on being able to breathe. Moreover, the person must need to eat the right food and drink the right fluids that ensure the correct balance. Many cultures have rituals and behaviors that govern activities of elimination.
A person considers it as a private activity. Personal cleansing rather than washing is also a vital activity. These activities include care of hair, nails, teeth and mouth as well as hand washing and bathing.
It is having the ability to perform the activities of daily living, which are essential that enhances the quality of life. The person is valued at all stages of the lifespan that is infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
Throughout the lifespan until adulthood, the person tends to become increasingly independent in the activities of daily living. While independence in the ADL's is valued, dependence should not diminish the dignity of the person.
A person’s knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to ADL's are influenced by a variety of factors which can be categorized broadly as biological, psychological, sociocultural, environmental and politico-economic factors.
The way in which a person carries out the ADL's can fluctuate within a range of normal for that individual. When the individual is sick or unwell there maybe problems which may be, actual or potential, arises with ADL's.
During the lifespan, most individuals experience significant life events which can affect the way they carry out ADL's and may lead to problems, actual or potential.
Living is a complex process which we undertake using a number of activities that ensure survival. The current model seeks to define 'what living means, and categorizes these discoveries into Activities of Daily Living (ADL), in order to promote maximum independence, through complete assessment leading to interventions that further support independence in areas that may prove difficult or impossible for the individual on their own.
There are 12 activities of daily living that were listed in the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing. A person needs to maintain a safe environment in order to stay alive and carry out any of the other ADL. These actions may include activities such as prevention of accidents in home or driving carefully.
Human beings are essentially social beings and a major part of living involves communicating with other people in one way or another. Communicating not only involves the use of verbal language as in talking and writing, but also the non-verbal transmission of information by facial expression and body gesture. Breathing is an essential activity that a person performs.
It is indispensable for life itself and all other activities are therefore dependent on being able to breathe. Moreover, the person must need to eat the right food and drink the right fluids that ensure the correct balance. Many cultures have rituals and behaviors that govern activities of elimination.
A person considers it as a private activity. Personal cleansing rather than washing is also a vital activity. These activities include care of hair, nails, teeth and mouth as well as hand washing and bathing.
Human beings are able
to maintain their internal body temperature at a constant level due to a heat
regulation system, but extremes in external temperatures can cause this to
endanger normal living.
Playing and working is an activity which depends on what lifespan the person is presently situated. A child may play while adulthood works.
Sleeping is an ADL that enables the body to relax from the stresses of everyday living and it is also during that when growth and repair of cells takes place. The list also includes death and sexuality as activities of daily living, but these are often disregarded depending on the setting and situation for the individual person.
Playing and working is an activity which depends on what lifespan the person is presently situated. A child may play while adulthood works.
Sleeping is an ADL that enables the body to relax from the stresses of everyday living and it is also during that when growth and repair of cells takes place. The list also includes death and sexuality as activities of daily living, but these are often disregarded depending on the setting and situation for the individual person.
Author:
Maria Eleanor Santos Reyna, RN
ENVIRONMENT
According to the
Roper-Logan-Tierney Model for Nursing, environmental factor is one of the five
factors that influence the activities of living. The incorporation of these
factors into the theory of nursing makes it a holistic model. The environmental
factor in Roper's theory of nursing makes it a "green" model. The
theory takes into consideration the impact of the environment on the activities
of daily living, but also examines the impact of the activities of daily living
on the environment.
A client’s
environment includes all of the many physical and psychosocial factors that
influence or affect the life and survival of the client. This broad definition
of environment crosses the continuum of care for settings in which the nurse
and client interact (e.g. the home, community center, school, clinic, hospital,
and long-term care facility). Safety in health care settings reduces the
incidence of illness and injury, prevents extended length of treatment and/or
hospitalization, improves or maintains a client’s functional status, and
increases the client’s sense of well-being.
A safe environment
gives protection to the staff as well, allowing them to function at an optimal
level. A safe environment includes meeting basic needs, reducing physical
hazards, reducing the transmission of pathogens, maintaining sanitation, and
controlling pollution. In addition, a safe environment is one where the threat of
attack from biological, chemical, or nuclear weapons is prevented or minimized.
Basic needs:
Physiological needs, including the need for sufficient oxygen, nutrition, and
optimum temperature and humidity, influence a person’s safety. Oxygen -
Be aware of factors in a client’s environment that decrease amount of available
oxygen. A common environmental hazard in the home is an improperly functioning
heating system. A furnace that is not properly vented or a car left running
inside a closed garage introduces carbon monoxide into the environment.
Nutrition – Meeting nutritional needs adequately and safely requires
environmental controls and knowledge. In the home the clients need refrigerator
with a freezer compartment to keep perishable foods fresh. An adequate, clean
water supply is necessary for drinking and washing fresh produce and dishes.
Provision for garbage collection is necessary to maintain sanitary conditions.
Physical Hazards in
the environment place client at risk for accidental injury and death; we can
minimize many physical hazards, especially those contributing to falls, through
adequate lighting, reduction of obstacles (doormats, small rugs, wet spot,
clutters), control of bathroom hazards (fall & medicine poisoning), and
security measures (smoke and carbon monoxide detector instillation, No flushing
of outdated medicine to toilet to prevent soil and water contamination).
Transmission of
pathogen: One of the most effective methods for limiting the transmission is
the medical aseptic practice of hand hygiene. Immunization can also reduce, and
in some cases prevent, the transmission of disease from person to person. At
community level, adequate disposal of human waste through proper construction
and repair of sewers and drains controls the transmission of disease. Insect
and rodent control (e.g. spraying mosquitoes) is also necessary to reduce the
disease transmission.
Pollution: A healthy
environment is free of pollution. It is a harmful chemical or waste material
discharged into the water, soil, or air; it can also be excessive noise that
presents health risk.
Terrorism: A
potential environmental health threat is the possibility of bio-terrorism
attack using biological, chemical, or nuclear. Although terrorist could use any
agent, health official are most concerned with biological agents such as
anthrax, smallpox, pneumonic plaque, and botulism.
HEALTH
It is the degree of wellness or illness experienced by the person. The health status of the person is dependent on ones ability to adapt to, and cope with the challenges affecting life. Roper et al identified factors that affects a person’s adaptation to illness. These are Social factors, cultural factors, Environmental factors, and Psychological Factors.
Social Factors include the person’s economic status like poverty and problems with overcrowding
Cultural Factors are the person’s beliefs, traits, and faith which determine ones lifestyle such as food preferences
Author:
Renato Regalado, RN
Renato Regalado, RN
HEALTH
It is the degree of wellness or illness experienced by the person. The health status of the person is dependent on ones ability to adapt to, and cope with the challenges affecting life. Roper et al identified factors that affects a person’s adaptation to illness. These are Social factors, cultural factors, Environmental factors, and Psychological Factors.
Social Factors include the person’s economic status like poverty and problems with overcrowding
Cultural Factors are the person’s beliefs, traits, and faith which determine ones lifestyle such as food preferences
Environmental Factors are the living conditions such as water and air pollution, poor sanitation and community hazards
Psychological Factors are the person’s manifestation of past experiences in present behavior.
Author:
Sandra Lou Razon, RN
Sandra Lou Razon, RN
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